Autism

Autism is a condition disturbing psychological development in which use of language, reaction to stimuli, interpretation of the world and the formation of relationships are not fully established and follow unusual patterns. Children with autism are less able to interact with the world as others do. There are separate labels given to children with autism including 'Asperger's Syndrome', 'High Functioning Autism' and 'Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)'. The major impairments people affected with autism typically display are in social interaction/communication/behaviour.

It is estimated that 120,000 people with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) live in Australia, of which 30,000 are children. Although almost always present at birth, ASDs often do not become evident until the age of 2-3 years old. Studies show that these are about four times more prevalent in boys than girls. The cause appears to be genetic, however some individuals may have evidence of damage or developmental abnormalities in the brain occurring before, during or soon after birth. Due to the varying contributing factors, autistic people display varying degrees of impairment.

Currently there is no known cure but early intervention, specialised education and structured support can help develop a person's skills and minimise behaviour problems, enabling a degree of independence.