Acidophilus
This is the shortened name for the bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus (also known as a probiotic). It is naturally found in milk and yoghurt and is available in powder or capsule form as a...
This is the shortened name for the bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus (also known as a probiotic). It is naturally found in milk and yoghurt and is available in powder or capsule form as a...
Adipocytes
The cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, adipocytes are cells which are specialised in storing energy as fat. The two types of adipose tissue are white (WAT) and brown (BAT) fat,...
The cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, adipocytes are cells which are specialised in storing energy as fat. The two types of adipose tissue are white (WAT) and brown (BAT) fat,...
Adipose
Meaning ‘fat or lard’, adipose commonly refers to the tissue made up of mainly fat cells, such as the yellow fat layer beneath skin cells.
Meaning ‘fat or lard’, adipose commonly refers to the tissue made up of mainly fat cells, such as the yellow fat layer beneath skin cells.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Aerobic activity is typically low intensity and high duration, such as long distance running or swimming. Anaerobic activity is high intensity, short duration, such as weights or sprints....
Aerobic activity is typically low intensity and high duration, such as long distance running or swimming. Anaerobic activity is high intensity, short duration, such as weights or sprints....
Agriculture
The cultivation of crops and raising of livestock for the production of food and other products.
The cultivation of crops and raising of livestock for the production of food and other products.
Agrochemical
A chemical compound used in farming. Also an adjective to describe produce derived from farms that extensively use these chemicals, or the method of agriculture that utilises agrochemicals.
A chemical compound used in farming. Also an adjective to describe produce derived from farms that extensively use these chemicals, or the method of agriculture that utilises agrochemicals.
ALA
See Alpha-Linolenic Acid.
See Alpha-Linolenic Acid.
Allergic conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjuctiva (mucous membranes lining the eyelid sclera and eyelid surfaces) caused by allergy. In the mildest form the conjunctiva becomes...
Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjuctiva (mucous membranes lining the eyelid sclera and eyelid surfaces) caused by allergy. In the mildest form the conjunctiva becomes...
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is also called hayfever and is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose. This is caused by the body's release of histamines in reaction to particular antigens...
Allergic rhinitis is also called hayfever and is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose. This is caused by the body's release of histamines in reaction to particular antigens...
Allergy
An allergy is an abnormal acquired sensitivity to a normally harmless substance which triggers a strong reaction from the immune system. Severe reactions result in difficulty breathing,...
An allergy is an abnormal acquired sensitivity to a normally harmless substance which triggers a strong reaction from the immune system. Severe reactions result in difficulty breathing,...
Alpha-lactalbumin
A protein naturally found in the whey component of dairy. Alpha-lactalbumin has been associated recently with possible effects on stress reduction, immune modulation, anti-microbial effects...
A protein naturally found in the whey component of dairy. Alpha-lactalbumin has been associated recently with possible effects on stress reduction, immune modulation, anti-microbial effects...
Alpha-Linolenic acid
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), is an essential fatty acid, which means that it is essential to human health but cannot be manufactured by the body. For this reason, ALA must be obtained from...
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), is an essential fatty acid, which means that it is essential to human health but cannot be manufactured by the body. For this reason, ALA must be obtained from...
Alzheimers Disease
Named in 1906 by its founder Alois Alzheimer, a German Doctor, Alzheimer's disease is identified in the brain by atrophy, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. It affects 5-10% of...
Named in 1906 by its founder Alois Alzheimer, a German Doctor, Alzheimer's disease is identified in the brain by atrophy, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. It affects 5-10% of...
Amino Acids
Amino acids are the building blocks from which proteins are made. Essential amino acids cannot be manufactured by the body and must be supplied in the diet to maintain good health....
Amino acids are the building blocks from which proteins are made. Essential amino acids cannot be manufactured by the body and must be supplied in the diet to maintain good health....
Anabolic Steroids
Anabolic steroids or anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), refers to a group of synthetic, testosterone-like hormones that promote anabolism, including muscle development. Medical uses...
Anabolic steroids or anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), refers to a group of synthetic, testosterone-like hormones that promote anabolism, including muscle development. Medical uses...
Anabolism
Anabolism is the constructive metabolic process by which simple substances such as amino acids are converted into complex compounds of living matter such as muscle. This process requires...
Anabolism is the constructive metabolic process by which simple substances such as amino acids are converted into complex compounds of living matter such as muscle. This process requires...
Anaphylaxis
Also termed anaphylactic shock, anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction/sensitivity to a substance like a food protein, which can be fatal within minutes. This occurs either through...
Also termed anaphylactic shock, anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction/sensitivity to a substance like a food protein, which can be fatal within minutes. This occurs either through...
Androgens
Androgens are hormones that contribute to male secondary sexual properties including voice deepening, genital development, semen production and body hair growth. Androgens used to increase...
Androgens are hormones that contribute to male secondary sexual properties including voice deepening, genital development, semen production and body hair growth. Androgens used to increase...
Androstenedione
Androstenedione, technically a hormone precursor, is converted in the body to testosterone and estrogens. Some research shows androstenedione to increase serum testosterone within 1.5 hours...
Androstenedione, technically a hormone precursor, is converted in the body to testosterone and estrogens. Some research shows androstenedione to increase serum testosterone within 1.5 hours...
Antibiotic
A substance used to destroy or inhibit the growth of micro-organisms. One side effect in antibiotic usage for livestock is that overuse allows bacteria to develop resistance. When humans...
A substance used to destroy or inhibit the growth of micro-organisms. One side effect in antibiotic usage for livestock is that overuse allows bacteria to develop resistance. When humans...
Antibody
A special protein made by the body’s immune system in defence against foreign matter (such as a virus) that enters the body. It is designed to attack and neutralise the specific antigen...
A special protein made by the body’s immune system in defence against foreign matter (such as a virus) that enters the body. It is designed to attack and neutralise the specific antigen...
Anti-caking agents
Anti-caking agents help foods such as salt flow freely when poured, by preventing particles sticking together. Examples are sodium aluminosilicate (554) and magnesium carbonate (504).
Anti-caking agents help foods such as salt flow freely when poured, by preventing particles sticking together. Examples are sodium aluminosilicate (554) and magnesium carbonate (504).
Antigen
An antigen is a substance such as a food protein, that stimulates the production of an antibody (a protein produced by the immune system that attaches itself to a foreign antigen weakening...
An antigen is a substance such as a food protein, that stimulates the production of an antibody (a protein produced by the immune system that attaches itself to a foreign antigen weakening...
Anti-inflammatory
Inflammation is a normal response generated by the immune system in response to all sorts of challenges within the body including injury, infection and toxicity. Symptoms include the usual...
Inflammation is a normal response generated by the immune system in response to all sorts of challenges within the body including injury, infection and toxicity. Symptoms include the usual...
Antioxidants
Antioxidants are vital for reversing free radicals - impure oxygen compounds which are produced by the body's metabolism, tampering with DNA, challenging the immune system and accelerating...
Antioxidants are vital for reversing free radicals - impure oxygen compounds which are produced by the body's metabolism, tampering with DNA, challenging the immune system and accelerating...
Aquaculture
The farming of fish and other creatures that live in fresh or sea water eg. salmon and prawns.
The farming of fish and other creatures that live in fresh or sea water eg. salmon and prawns.
Arginine
Arginine is classified as a semi-essential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on individual requirements. Infants cannot synthesize it effectively, making it nutritionally...
Arginine is classified as a semi-essential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on individual requirements. Infants cannot synthesize it effectively, making it nutritionally...
Artificial additives
Chemicals and chemical compounds added to foods in order to manipulate their taste, colour, texture or shelf life. Also an umbrella phrase that incorporates certain food colours,...
Chemicals and chemical compounds added to foods in order to manipulate their taste, colour, texture or shelf life. Also an umbrella phrase that incorporates certain food colours,...
Ascorbic acid
See Vitamin C.
See Vitamin C.
Aspartic acid
Forming the basis for many compounds, Aspartic acid is involved in our genetic messengers DNA & RNA. As it can be converted into glucose, this amino acid may assist chronic fatigue...
Forming the basis for many compounds, Aspartic acid is involved in our genetic messengers DNA & RNA. As it can be converted into glucose, this amino acid may assist chronic fatigue...
Asthma
Asthma is a condition characterised by episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. This bronchial irritability is caused by over-reaction and narrowing of the...
Asthma is a condition characterised by episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. This bronchial irritability is caused by over-reaction and narrowing of the...
Atkins diet
A diet system formulated by Dr Robert Atkins in the early 70's. Atkins diet is based on a very low carbohydrate, ketogenic diet. Split into four phases, the Atkins diet encourages the...
A diet system formulated by Dr Robert Atkins in the early 70's. Atkins diet is based on a very low carbohydrate, ketogenic diet. Split into four phases, the Atkins diet encourages the...
ATP
ATP, or adenosine triphosphate is the body's energiser, an organic compound present in muscle fibres that is broken down through a variety of enzymatic processes. The resulting spark of...
ATP, or adenosine triphosphate is the body's energiser, an organic compound present in muscle fibres that is broken down through a variety of enzymatic processes. The resulting spark of...
Attention Deficit Disorder
ADD is a phrase that encompasses a wide variety of terms used to describe “disorders” in children such as ‘hyperkinetic reaction of childhood’, ‘hyperactive child syndrome’, ‘minimal brain...
ADD is a phrase that encompasses a wide variety of terms used to describe “disorders” in children such as ‘hyperkinetic reaction of childhood’, ‘hyperactive child syndrome’, ‘minimal brain...
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD is a disorder associated with hyperactivity. Between 3-10% of school children suffer from this complaint, that causes perceptual motor impairment, general co-ordination difficulties,...
ADHD is a disorder associated with hyperactivity. Between 3-10% of school children suffer from this complaint, that causes perceptual motor impairment, general co-ordination difficulties,...
Autism
Autism is a condition disturbing psychological development in which use of language, reaction to stimuli, interpretation of the world and the formation of relationships are not fully...
Autism is a condition disturbing psychological development in which use of language, reaction to stimuli, interpretation of the world and the formation of relationships are not fully...
Ayurveda
Often regarded as the sister science of Yoga, Ayurveda is the 3,000 year old health system of the Indian sub-continent. Among its many fundamental principles is the understanding that we...
Often regarded as the sister science of Yoga, Ayurveda is the 3,000 year old health system of the Indian sub-continent. Among its many fundamental principles is the understanding that we...
Basal Metabolic Rate
Basal metabolic rate or BMR, is a measure expressed in calories indicating the body's energy expenditure when at complete rest.
Basal metabolic rate or BMR, is a measure expressed in calories indicating the body's energy expenditure when at complete rest.
Betain
A sweet tasting organic compound occurring in sugar beets and other plants and used in the treatment of certain metabolic disorders.
A sweet tasting organic compound occurring in sugar beets and other plants and used in the treatment of certain metabolic disorders.
Bioactive
Bioactive refers to something that has an effect on or elicits a response from living tissue (for example, within the human body).
Bioactive refers to something that has an effect on or elicits a response from living tissue (for example, within the human body).
Biodiversity
Biodiversity is reflected in the wide diversity of plants and creatures that occurs in nature. Also the ideal of organic systems of farming, biodiversity is a term to describe farms rich in...
Biodiversity is reflected in the wide diversity of plants and creatures that occurs in nature. Also the ideal of organic systems of farming, biodiversity is a term to describe farms rich in...
Biodynamics
Biodynamics makes use of life forces (energy and motion) and utilises the basic principles of nature to add vitality to trees, lawns and gardens without questionable chemicals. It involves...
Biodynamics makes use of life forces (energy and motion) and utilises the basic principles of nature to add vitality to trees, lawns and gardens without questionable chemicals. It involves...
Bioflavonoid
Also referred to as flavonoids, bioflavonoids are broken down into categories; however, the issue of how to divide them is not universally agreed upon. Bioflavonoids include isoflavones,...
Also referred to as flavonoids, bioflavonoids are broken down into categories; however, the issue of how to divide them is not universally agreed upon. Bioflavonoids include isoflavones,...
Biological Value
Biological Value, or BV, is a numeric representation of the usefulness of protein found in foods. Formulated by the scientific community, the BV helps distinguish protein content from...
Biological Value, or BV, is a numeric representation of the usefulness of protein found in foods. Formulated by the scientific community, the BV helps distinguish protein content from...
BMI
See Body Mass Index.
See Body Mass Index.
Body Mass Index
BMI is a number that shows body weight adjusted for height. BMI is calculated simply using your gender, age, height and weight. For adults aged 20 years or older, BMI falls into one of...
BMI is a number that shows body weight adjusted for height. BMI is calculated simply using your gender, age, height and weight. For adults aged 20 years or older, BMI falls into one of...
Calcium
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body (stored mostly in the bone structure) and as a supplement, is available in the form of calcium carbonate (the most common and inexpensive),...
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body (stored mostly in the bone structure) and as a supplement, is available in the form of calcium carbonate (the most common and inexpensive),...
Calcium Caseinate
Calcium Caseinate is a high protein, high calcium nutrient derived from milk. Food technologists in the 1970s, aiming to separate the whey proteins from milk in as concentrated a form as...
Calcium Caseinate is a high protein, high calcium nutrient derived from milk. Food technologists in the 1970s, aiming to separate the whey proteins from milk in as concentrated a form as...
Calories
A unit used to measure energy. 1 kilocalorie (calorie) = 4.18400 kiloJoules When we eat food, we convert it into energy to fuel to body. How much energy this food contains we can measure...
A unit used to measure energy. 1 kilocalorie (calorie) = 4.18400 kiloJoules When we eat food, we convert it into energy to fuel to body. How much energy this food contains we can measure...
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate is an organic compound existing as "simple" sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and lactose) or as glucose polymers (starch or "complex carbohydrate", glycogen, and cellulose)....
Carbohydrate is an organic compound existing as "simple" sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and lactose) or as glucose polymers (starch or "complex carbohydrate", glycogen, and cellulose)....
Carcinogen
A substance or agent which is known to cause cancer.
A substance or agent which is known to cause cancer.
Carnitine
See L-Carnitine.
See L-Carnitine.
Catabolism
Catabolism is the destructive half of the metabolic process, in which complex living tissues such as muscle are broken down into simpler substances or waste matter, thereby producing energy.
Catabolism is the destructive half of the metabolic process, in which complex living tissues such as muscle are broken down into simpler substances or waste matter, thereby producing energy.
Cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol is vitamin D. It is a fat soluble vitamin that supports the absorption of Calcium and Phosphorous within the body. Deficiency of vitamin D can greatly increase risks of...
Cholecalciferol is vitamin D. It is a fat soluble vitamin that supports the absorption of Calcium and Phosphorous within the body. Deficiency of vitamin D can greatly increase risks of...
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a fatty substance or sterol found in all animal fats, butter, egg yolk, organ meats (liver, brain, tongue) and shellfish. It is the precursor for Vitamin D and sex hormones...
Cholesterol is a fatty substance or sterol found in all animal fats, butter, egg yolk, organ meats (liver, brain, tongue) and shellfish. It is the precursor for Vitamin D and sex hormones...
Choline Bitartrate
Choline’s major function is in fatty acid transport. A deficiency of choline can reduce “good’ cholesterol, resulting in build up of “bad” cholesterol in the arteries and liver. Required to...
Choline’s major function is in fatty acid transport. A deficiency of choline can reduce “good’ cholesterol, resulting in build up of “bad” cholesterol in the arteries and liver. Required to...
Chondroitin
Chondroitin is a muco-polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue and cartilage. Its purpose is to cushion joints from injury. The main benefit of chondroitin is...
Chondroitin is a muco-polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue and cartilage. Its purpose is to cushion joints from injury. The main benefit of chondroitin is...
Chondroitin Sulphate
Chondroitin, an important component of the body's tendons, ligaments and cartilage is derived from shark cartilage. Chondroitin Sulfate is an endogenous Glycosaminoglycan (GAG). It is...
Chondroitin, an important component of the body's tendons, ligaments and cartilage is derived from shark cartilage. Chondroitin Sulfate is an endogenous Glycosaminoglycan (GAG). It is...
Chromium Picolinate
Chromium Picolinate is a trace element that promotes the activity of insulin and is a critical component of normal glucose metabolism. It stimulates insulin's activity, thereby helping the...
Chromium Picolinate is a trace element that promotes the activity of insulin and is a critical component of normal glucose metabolism. It stimulates insulin's activity, thereby helping the...
Chronic fatigue syndrome
CFS is still a relatively newly defined syndrome encompassing a combination of symptoms including recurrent and overwhelming fatigue, sore throat, low grade fever, lymph node swelling (from...
CFS is still a relatively newly defined syndrome encompassing a combination of symptoms including recurrent and overwhelming fatigue, sore throat, low grade fever, lymph node swelling (from...
CLA
CLA, or conjugated linoleic acid, is a naturally occurring nutrient shown to contribute to the growth of lean muscle, reduction of body fat and improved health. Linoleic acid belongs to a...
CLA, or conjugated linoleic acid, is a naturally occurring nutrient shown to contribute to the growth of lean muscle, reduction of body fat and improved health. Linoleic acid belongs to a...
Coeliac Disease
Coeliac Disease is an intestinal disorder caused by intolerance to gluten, a component of wheat, rye, barley and oats. Gluten contains a protein called alpha-gliadin. In people with Coeliac...
Coeliac Disease is an intestinal disorder caused by intolerance to gluten, a component of wheat, rye, barley and oats. Gluten contains a protein called alpha-gliadin. In people with Coeliac...
Cognitive
The adjective of cognition: an act or process of knowing, perceiving or remembering.
The adjective of cognition: an act or process of knowing, perceiving or remembering.
Colostrum
Colostrum is the natural pre-milk nutrient found in mothers' milk, and a rich source of growth and immune factors. Food technologists have developed a means of extracting Colostrum from the...
Colostrum is the natural pre-milk nutrient found in mothers' milk, and a rich source of growth and immune factors. Food technologists have developed a means of extracting Colostrum from the...
Complete protein
A complete protein is one which contains all the essential amino acids required by the body that can only be obtained through the diet.
A complete protein is one which contains all the essential amino acids required by the body that can only be obtained through the diet.
Complex Carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates, also known as polysaccharides, are foods of plant origin consisting of three or more simple sugars bound together. The starch in grains is an example. Compared to...
Complex carbohydrates, also known as polysaccharides, are foods of plant origin consisting of three or more simple sugars bound together. The starch in grains is an example. Compared to...
Cortisol
Also called hydrocortisone, cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that is involved in the body’s response to both physical and emotional stress. In normal...
Also called hydrocortisone, cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that is involved in the body’s response to both physical and emotional stress. In normal...
Creatine
Creatine, or creatine monohydrate, is a naturally occurring amino acid that helps skeletal muscles produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate, the body's energy molecule) and volumises or...
Creatine, or creatine monohydrate, is a naturally occurring amino acid that helps skeletal muscles produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate, the body's energy molecule) and volumises or...
Crohn's Disease
Crohn's disease is a form of inflammatory bowel disease, involving ongoing inflammation and ulceration of the deeper layers of the intestinal wall. It may be limited to segments of the...
Crohn's disease is a form of inflammatory bowel disease, involving ongoing inflammation and ulceration of the deeper layers of the intestinal wall. It may be limited to segments of the...
Crop rotation
A traditional method designed to effectively manage soil fertility on a farm by systematically rotating crops between different fields. This method often includes leaving fields to lie...
A traditional method designed to effectively manage soil fertility on a farm by systematically rotating crops between different fields. This method often includes leaving fields to lie...
Cyclo-oxygenase
Coclo-oxygenase is an enzyme that acts on an unsaturated fatty acid found in most animal fats, (arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandins; powerful stimulants of pain nerve cells. It can be...
Coclo-oxygenase is an enzyme that acts on an unsaturated fatty acid found in most animal fats, (arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandins; powerful stimulants of pain nerve cells. It can be...
Cystine and Cysteine
Cystine is a (non-essential) amino acid. It is one of a group of amino acids known as 'sulphur' amino acids. It comprises 2 molecules of Cysteine (another amino acid), held together by a...
Cystine is a (non-essential) amino acid. It is one of a group of amino acids known as 'sulphur' amino acids. It comprises 2 molecules of Cysteine (another amino acid), held together by a...
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