Ketones

In some people, including those with significantly low-carbohydrate diets, glucose goes largely undelivered. In an alternative attempt to provide fuel, the body breaks down dietary and stored body fat. Ketone bodies are a result of this process. Ketones consist chemically of three substances (beta-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone). 

 

When released, ketones enter the bloodstream, acidify the blood, and are eventually excreted mostly in urine. Unlike glucose, they require no transporting agent in the delivery of energy. The presence of ketones in the blood is called ketosis. Ketosis can be the result of fasting, prolonged exercise, and a high-fat diet.

 

Without proper treatment, adequate exercise or properly balanced nutrition, glucose as well as ketones may build to dangerous levels in the blood. Stress and illness can increase the risk of glucose and ketone buildup.